“The role of the Governor in Indian states has often been controversial, oscillating between being a constitutional head and an agent of the Centre.” Critically examine with recent examples.

Introduction

As a constitutional head constrained by the Council of Ministers’ assistance and counsel, the Governor’s office was intended to serve as an impartial conduit between the Union and the states. But in reality, the conflict between political discretion and constitutional morality has led to disputes.

Constitutional Role vs. Political Practice

Although the Governor is supposed to be a nonpartisan official, the post has become politicized as seen by repeated claims of abuse of Article 356 to enforce the President’s Rule. The historic ruling in S.R. Bommai v. Union of India limited the arbitrary application of Article 356 and subjected the reports of the Governors to judicial scrutiny.

Contemporary Issues

The recurrent nature of this tension is highlighted by recent controversies. Governors in Kerala and Tamil Nadu have been charged with meddling in daily affairs and postponing the ratification of legislation. Prolonged disagreements between the Chief Minister and the Governor of West Bengal demonstrated how the position may be used as a platform for political competition. The Supreme Court’s 2023 decision on Punjab strengthened the constitutional balance by making it clear that Governors must respond quickly on cabinet advice.

Federalism and Reform Proposals

Commissions like Sarkaria and Punchhi have suggested restricting the Governors’ discretionary authority and highlighting their function as constitutional leaders rather than political actors. To rebuild credibility, customs must be strengthened, tenure must be established, and appointments must be public.

Conclusion

In Indian federalism, the Governor’s dual roles as the head of state and a representative of the Centre have caused conflict. The Governor’s job must be carefully governed by constitutional principles and political neutrality in order to preserve cooperative federalism. This will guarantee that the office enhances rather than detracts from India’s democratic fabric.

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About the Author: Jyoti Verma

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