In Post NPM movements New Public Management is being gradually replaced by public value Management. Comment.

Answer:

• NPM aims to reach the competition through application, the same as it is private sector, as well as for organizations of public sector, emphasizing economic principles and leadership. New Public Management treats the beneficiaries of public services as customers and conversely the citizens as shareholders.

• While the positive outcomes of the New Public Management (NPM) movement have been widely discussed, this values shift is one of its most woeful consequences. The traditional conception of public sector values as a vocational calling of selflessness and patriarchy was proven archaic in an era promoting short-term results and a corporate-like model of governance.

• Post-NPM is a kind of umbrella concept that aims to hybridize different, even contradictory principles, values, norms and reform proposals. The main criticism issues of the NPM approach are; private sector logic, customer point of view, unclear conditions, understanding of market and competition and social state.

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