“India’s federal structure requires cooperative engagement between Union and States, but political tensions often weaken this balance.” Examine.

Overview

The Constitution creates a federal system with strong unitary elements, anticipating cooperation between the Union and the States for the advancement of the country. But this attitude of cooperation has been stressed more and more by political differences.

Tension Points

Fiscal difficulties include conditional grants, GST compensation delays, and declining state authority give rise to conflicts. Tensions in administration include disagreements over the adoption of laws, the employment of central agencies, and the function of governors. Centralised plans that limit flexibility in creating locally relevant programs are often criticised by states.

Effects on Governance

These conflicts impair the implementation of policies, cause social programs to be delayed, and erode confidence in intergovernmental organisations. When political rivalry takes precedence over cooperation, sectors that need coordinated action—such as health, the environment, law enforcement, and disaster management—suffer. The Inter-State Council and Zonal Councils’ ability to operate is further compromised by fragmented decision-making.

Increasing Federal Harmony

Rebuilding confidence can be facilitated by transparent GST procedures, predictable budgetary transfers, and more precise guidelines regarding gubernatorial discretion. Cooperative federalism would be strengthened by empowering states in centrally funded programs, institutionalising consultations, and fortifying the Inter-State Council.

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About the Author: Jyoti Verma