How does Ferrel Heady rationalize the three stages of development in comparative administration?

Answer: Ferrel Heady, a renowned scholar in the field of comparative administration, rationalizes the three stages of development in comparative administration through his conceptual framework. He identified three stages: the premodern, modern, and postmodern stages. Let’s examine how Heady rationalizes these stages:

Premodern Stage: In this stage, Heady argues that administrative systems were characterized by traditional and hierarchical structures. The premodern stage was primarily focused on the maintenance of stability and the preservation of existing social and political orders.

The administrative practices during this stage were based on personal relationships, kinship ties, and loyalty to rulers. Decisions were often arbitrary
and based on the discretion of rulers or local leaders.

Modern Stage: According to Heady, the modern stage emerged with the rise of the nation-state and the Industrial Revolution. This stage is characterized by the development of bureaucratic structures and the formalization of administrative systems. The modern stage emphasizes rationality, rule of law, meritocracy, and impersonal decision-making processes.

Administrative systems became more complex, specialized, and professionalized, with clear hierarchies, division of labour, and standardized
procedures.

Postmodern Stage: Heady argues that the postmodern stage represents a departure from the strict bureaucratic model of the modern stage. The postmodern stage reflects the increasing complexity and interdependence of societies in the context of globalization, technological advancements, and changing social dynamics. In this stage, administrative systems become more flexible, network-oriented, and responsive to diverse societal needs.

There is an emphasis on participatory decision-making, decentralization, and collaboration among various actors, including the government, civil society organizations, and citizens.

Heady’s framework provides a lens through which scholars and practitioners can analyze and compare administrative systems across different countries and periods. It allows for the identification of commonalities and variations in administrative practices, highlighting the dynamic nature of administrative development and the evolving roles and functions of public administration in different contexts.

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