DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS QUIZ – 7 October 2024

Ans. B
Explanation:
In 1882, the Government formed a commission led by W.W. Hunter to assess the development of education in the country since the 1854 Dispatch. The Hunter Commission primarily focused on primary and secondary education, highlighting the need for the state’s special attention to expanding and enhancing primary education, emphasizing the use of vernacular languages.

Statement 2nd is CORRECT, the commission’s recommendation regarding secondary education, suggesting two divisions: literary, leading to university, and vocational, catering to commercial careers. The commission proposed transferring control of primary education to newly established district and municipal boards. Additionally, it addressed the insufficient facilities for female education, particularly outside presidency towns, and put forth recommendations for its improvement.

Statements 1 and 3 Incorrect, these proposals were not part of the Government Resolution on Education Policy in 1913. In that resolution, the government declined the responsibility of enforcing compulsory education but endorsed the elimination of illiteracy. It urged provincial governments to promptly offer free elementary education to economically disadvantaged and less privileged sections, encouraging private initiatives for this purpose. Furthermore, the resolution aimed to enhance the quality of secondary schools and proposed the establishment of a university in each province, with an emphasis on promoting teaching activities within universities.

Ans.d
Explanation:
The Belgaum Congress Session of 1924, led by Gandhi, established a basis for mutual trust between the No-Changers and the Swarajists.

Statement 1is correct, Gandhi’s initial opposition to the Swarajists’ council entry proposal due to his belief that two conflicting ideologies couldn’t coexist. However, by the end of 1924, government repression on revolutionaries and Swarajists led Gandhi to reconcile with the latter.

Statement 2 is correct, highlighting how the Swarajists’ bold and unwavering actions convinced Gandhi that they wouldn’t simply assimilate into the colonial administration. Their activities also injected vitality into a politically lackluster environment, drawing public enthusiasm.

Statement 3 is correct. Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation movement faced violence in various locations, prompting him to recognize the necessity of professional training for satyagrahis before engaging in mass struggles. Following his release from prison, he realized that public oppression of the council entry program would be counterproductive, given the oppressive British rule and the potential for violence in the struggle.

Ans.d
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct, in India, the depressed classes faced restrictions in accessing water from public wells and ponds. In 1927, Babasaheb Ambedkar spearheaded the Mahad March at Chowdar Tank near Mumbai, aiming to secure the right for untouchables to draw water from public tanks.

Statement 2 is correct, Dr. Ambedkar initiated the temple entry movement in 1930 at Kalaram temple in Nasik.

Statement 3 is correct, 1923, Ambedkar established the ‘Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha’ (Outcastes Welfare Association), dedicated to promoting education and culture among the downtrodden.

Ans.c
Explanation:
The commencement of acts of revolutionary heroism emerged as an unintended consequence of the escalating militant nationalism.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The initial phase of revolutionary endeavors stemmed from the aftermath of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement, extending until 1917. This phase witnessed the persistence of younger elements even after the decline of the overt phase, attributable to the leadership’s inability to harness the revolutionary fervor among the youth. Government repression left no peaceful avenues for dissent. In contrast, the second phase of revolutionary activity in 1920 was triggered by the aftermath of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The abrupt termination of the Non-Cooperation Movement left many disillusioned, leading them to question the fundamental strategy of nationalist leadership, which emphasized non-violence, and prompted them to explore alternative approaches.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Initially, the early revolutionaries adopted a course inspired by the Irish nationalists and Russian Nihilists, focusing on heroic action or revolutionary terrorism in the short term. However, during the 1920s, revolutionary activities influenced by socialism gradually shifted away from individual heroic actions and gravitated towards the potential of armed mass struggle.