DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS QUIZ – 18 October 2024

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

Justification of each statement:

• The Human Poverty Index (HPI) was created by the United Nations to assess the poverty levels within a country’s community. Initially introduced as part of the Human Deprivation Report in 1997, it was later replaced by the UN’s Multidimensional Poverty Index in 2010.
• Parameters considered in HPI calculations include the probability of not surviving until the age of 40, adult illiteracy rate, lack of access to clean water, and the number of underweight small children. Hence, all the options 1, 2 and 3 are correct.
• Since 1990, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has annually published the Human Development Report, offering a rank-wise list of member countries based on their human development levels. The Human Development Index and the Human Poverty Index are key indicators employed by the UNDP for measuring human development.

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

Justification of each statement:

• When a person moves from place A to place B, they are considered an emigrant from the perspective of place A and an immigrant from the viewpoint of place B. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Human migration encompasses the relocation of individuals from one location to another, whether with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily.
• Migration can be categorized as permanent, temporary, or seasonal, occurring between rural-to-rural, rural-to-urban, urban-to-urban, and urban-to-rural areas. Additionally, migration can be either voluntary or forced.
• Individuals who move into a new location are referred to as immigrants, while those moving out are known as emigrants. Hence, statement 2 is

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

Justification of each statement:

• The Human Development Report (HDR) is an annual publication by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The report includes five key indices released annually: the Human Development Index (HDI), Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), Gender Development Index (GDI), Gender Inequality Index (GII), and Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The first HDR was launched in 1990 by the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen.Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• Additionally, the World Bank produces the Human Capital Index as part of its reporting.

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

Justification of each statement:

The population growth in India throughout the last century has been influenced by annual birth rates, death rates, and migration, exhibiting different trends. Four distinct phases of growth have been identified during this period:

• Phase 1 (1901-1921):Characterized as a stagnant or stationary phase, this period exhibited a low growth rate, even experiencing negative growth during 1911-1921. Both the birth rate and death rate were high, resulting in slow population increase. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Phase 2 (1921-1951): Referred to as a period of steady population growth, improvements in health, sanitation, and transportation contributed to a decline in the mortality rate. Despite challenges like the Great Economic Depression and World War II, the crude birth rate remained high, leading to a higher growth rate compared to the previous phase.Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Phase 3 (1951-1981):Recognized as the period of population explosion, this phase saw a rapid decline in the mortality rate but a high fertility rate, contributing to substantial population growth. Increased international migration, involving Tibetans, Bangladeshis, Nepalese, and individuals from Pakistan, also played a role in the elevated growth rate.Hence, statement 3 is correct.

Phase 4 (Post-1981): In the period from 1981 onwards, the country’s population growth rate, although still high, has gradually started slowing down.

Ans: (a)

Explanation:

Justification of each statement:

• Urban centers are evaluated based on their function and specific needs. The location of various types of towns is determined by distinct requirements.
• For instance, a holiday resort has different siting needs compared to an industrial town, a military center, or a seaport. Strategic towns seek sites with natural defense advantages, while mining towns require the presence of economically valuable minerals. Industrial towns typically need access to local energy supplies or raw materials.
• The initial positioning of early urban settlements was influenced by factors such as the presence of water, the availability of building materials, and fertile land.
• Certain functional considerations may not inherently establish a fundamental connection between the urban center and its neighboring rural areas.
• In addition to the location of an urban settlement, the situation also significantly contributes to the growth of towns. Urban centers situated in proximity to vital trade routes have undergone swift development. Hence, statement 1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.