DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS QUIZ – 11 November 2024

Ans.d
Explanation:
While there was consensus among Congress members regarding their stance on World War II and the resignation of ministries, significant disagreements arose concerning the immediate commencement of a mass Satyagraha. Gandhiji and the predominant leadership presented three primary reasons for delaying the initiation of an immediate movement.

They believed that since the cause of the Allies (Britain and France) was just, opposing the Nazi forces, they should not impede their efforts in prosecuting the war. (Thus, Statement 1 is correct.)

The absence of Hindu-Muslim unity posed a substantial obstacle to launching a struggle. In the prevailing atmosphere, any civil disobedience movement could easily descend into communal conflicts or even civil war. (Therefore, Statement 2 is correct.)

They contended that the country lacked the necessary conditions for an immediate struggle. Neither were the masses prepared, nor was the Congress organizationally equipped to launch a movement. The Congress organization had weakened and become corrupt during 1938-39, characterized by indiscipline and a lack of cohesion within its ranks. Given these circumstances, a mass movement would not be resilient against the severe repressive measures the government could employ. (Hence, Statement 3 is correct.)

Ans. b
Explanation:

Statement 1 is incorrect: While the Indian business group largely supported the economic boycott during the Non-Cooperation Movement due to the benefits derived from nationalist emphasis on swadeshi, a segment of big businesses remained skeptical about the movement. Their apprehensions seemed to stem from the fear of potential labor unrest in their factories.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Contrary to expectations, the Non-Cooperation Movement saw extensive participation from Muslims across various economic strata, maintaining communal unity despite incidents like the Moppila Uprisings. In many instances, two-thirds of those apprehended were Muslims, a level of involvement unprecedented in the past and not anticipated in the future. Leaders, including Gandhi, addressed Muslim masses directly from mosques.

Statement 3 is correct: Initially led by the middle classes, the movement later encountered significant reservations from them regarding Gandhi’s program. Cities such as Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, known as centers of elite politicians, exhibited limited response to Gandhi’s call. The appeal for actions like resigning from government service and surrendering titles was not taken seriously.

Ans.c
Explanation:
The commencement of acts of revolutionary heroism emerged as an unintended consequence of the escalating militant nationalism.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. The initial phase of revolutionary endeavors stemmed from the aftermath of the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement, extending until 1917. This phase witnessed the persistence of younger elements even after the decline of the overt phase, attributable to the leadership’s inability to harness the revolutionary fervor among the youth. Government repression left no peaceful avenues for dissent. In contrast, the second phase of revolutionary activity in 1920 was triggered by the aftermath of the Non-Cooperation Movement. The abrupt termination of the Non-Cooperation Movement left many disillusioned, leading them to question the fundamental strategy of nationalist leadership, which emphasized non-violence, and prompted them to explore alternative approaches.

Statement 3 is incorrect. Initially, the early revolutionaries adopted a course inspired by the Irish nationalists and Russian Nihilists, focusing on heroic action or revolutionary terrorism in the short term. However, during the 1920s, revolutionary activities influenced by socialism gradually shifted away from individual heroic actions and gravitated towards the potential of armed mass struggle.

Ans.d
Explanation:
Statement 1 is correct, in India, the depressed classes faced restrictions in accessing water from public wells and ponds. In 1927, Babasaheb Ambedkar spearheaded the Mahad March at Chowdar Tank near Mumbai, aiming to secure the right for untouchables to draw water from public tanks.

Statement 2 is correct, Dr. Ambedkar initiated the temple entry movement in 1930 at Kalaram temple in Nasik.

Statement 3 is correct, 1923, Ambedkar established the ‘Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha’ (Outcastes Welfare Association), dedicated to promoting education and culture among the downtrodden.

Ans.d
Explanation:
The Belgaum Congress Session of 1924, led by Gandhi, established a basis for mutual trust between the No-Changers and the Swarajists.

Statement 1is correct, Gandhi’s initial opposition to the Swarajists’ council entry proposal due to his belief that two conflicting ideologies couldn’t coexist. However, by the end of 1924, government repression on revolutionaries and Swarajists led Gandhi to reconcile with the latter.

Statement 2 is correct, highlighting how the Swarajists’ bold and unwavering actions convinced Gandhi that they wouldn’t simply assimilate into the colonial administration. Their activities also injected vitality into a politically lackluster environment, drawing public enthusiasm.

Statement 3 is correct. Gandhi’s Non-Cooperation movement faced violence in various locations, prompting him to recognize the necessity of professional training for satyagrahis before engaging in mass struggles. Following his release from prison, he realized that public oppression of the council entry program would be counterproductive, given the oppressive British rule and the potential for violence in the struggle.