“The idea of cooperative federalism in India is repeatedly tested during crises. Critically analyse with recent examples.”

In the quasi-federal system envisioned by the Indian Constitution, collaboration between the Union and the States is essential to governance. With the establishment of NITI Aayog, cooperative federalism gained popularity by highlighting policymaking that is driven by consensus. However crises frequently highlight this model’s weaknesses.

Active:

COVID-19 A pandemic: To centralise decision-making, the Centre first invoked the Disaster Management Act (2005). Kerala and other states called for greater control over containment tactics.

Fiscal Federalism: States’ demands for fiscal autonomy were reflected in GST compensation conflicts and fund transfer delays.

Environmental and Development Issues: Conflicting priorities are brought to light by disagreements over major projects (such as the Great Nicobar Project and river water issues).

Important Factors:

 One important factor is that crises usually result in a transfer of power from the states to the federal government at the price of state autonomy, which leads to conflicts that resemble coercive federalism.

However, excellent examples like cooperative vaccination campaigns and the consensus-driven GST Council show that when trust and communication are given priority, cooperative processes may work well.

Way forward:

• The way forward is to establish permanent forums for communication and discussion between the Union and states, such as the Inter-State Council, stronger.
• NITI Aayog ought to develop into a true consensus-building tool rather than just a vehicle for central policy directives.
• To prevent states from becoming financially vulnerable in times of crisis, fiscal transfers must be prompt, transparent, and predictable.
• In order to maintain and strengthen the spirit of federalism even during times of national crises, cooperative federal practices ought to be ingrained in government institutions.

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About the Author: Jyoti Verma