Citizen –administration relations are very acute in developing countries. Comment.

Answer: Basic concept: This question is based on the Repressive model of James Midgley.
Repressive model:
New countries=> welfare state=> services could not be provided due to scarcity of resources=> Hartals by citizens=> State response was coercive.

High level of complexities accompanied with lack of specialized structures creates a governance deficit

in these developing societies. Due to this, a wide ambit of discretion is required to be given to street- level functionaries in order to expedite decision making and effective service delivery.

This creates a scope of ad-hoc and non-transparent decisions being taken by the administration which makes the citizen-administration interface conducive to corruption.
❖ Characteristics of Salacracy:

• Corruption
• Nepotism
• Favoritism
• Lack of power to exercise authority
• Administrative egoism

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