DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS QUIZ – 16 January 2025

Ans. b

Explanation:

Normal Temperature Conditions:

• Under typical circumstances, temperature decreases as altitude increases within the troposphere at a rate of 1 degree for every 165 meters. This pattern is known as the normal lapse rate.

Temperature Inversion:

Statement 1: Incorrect

• In standard conditions, colder air usually resides above warmer air due to the typical temperature decrease with height. However, during a temperature inversion, there’s an atypical reversal where a layer of warm air rests above a layer of cooler air. Contrary to the initial statement, temperature inversions are typically short-lived events.

Statement 2: correct

• Clear, cloudless skies create ideal conditions for temperature inversion as they allow unimpeded radiation release. Additional favorable circumstances for temperature inversions include long winter nights, dry air close to the ground, slow air movement, and a surface covered in snow.

Statement 3: correct

• Temperature inversion significantly influences cloud formation, precipitation, and visibility. Visibility often decreases below the inversion due to the build-up of dust and smoke particles. Additionally, the cooler air near the base of an inversion can lead to the formation of fog in those areas.

Ans. d

Explanation:

Air Pressure Dynamics:

• When heated, air expands, and when cooled, it contracts, leading to fluctuations in atmospheric pressure. These pressure variances prompt the movement of air from areas of high pressure to those of low pressure, initiating air circulation. Moreover, atmospheric pressure plays a critical role in determining whether air will ascend or descend.

Statement 1: Incorrect

• Contrary to the statement, within the lower atmosphere, pressure actually decreases rapidly rather than increases with height. However, this decline in pressure isn’t consistent due to the variability of factors influencing air density, such as temperature, moisture content, and gravitational effects. Consequently, establishing a straightforward relationship between altitude and pressure becomes challenging.

Statements 2 and 3: correct

• Atmospheric pressure isn’t consistent across all locations. The Earth’s surface experiences diverse pressure changes due to uneven surface heating. Analyzing the horizontal pressure variations involves plotting lines, known as isobars, connecting areas sharing identical pressure values on maps. Isobars represent the horizontal distribution of pressure at consistent levels. To standardize pressure measurements for comparison, adjustments are made by calculating pressure at different stations and reducing it to sea level to neutralize altitude-based effects.

Answer: (A)

Explanation:
PM Janjati Adivasi Nyaya MahaAbhiyan aims to ensure holistic development of tribal groups. It is meant to ensure last-mile welfare scheme delivery and protection for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). The scheme aims to benefit and saturate the families and habitations with basic facilities. It is a 24,000-crore project for vulnerable tribal groups. It was launched by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on the occasion of Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas (Tribal Pride Day). Modi also launched the Visksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra, a nationwide programme to reach out to all villages and include those eligible for various central schemes. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

Answer: (A)

Explanation: Public Safety Act (PSA), 1978 is also called as The Jammu And Kashmir Public Safety Act, 1978. The act extents only to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a preventive detention law where a person can be held under preventive detention up to two years. It is very similar to the National Security Act that is used by other state governments for preventive detention. A person can be detained for the following reasons:
– Threat to the maintenance of the public order to the state.
– Smuggling or abetting the smuggling of liquor.
– Engaging in transporting or concealing or keeping smuggled liquor.
When a person is detained under the PSA, the District Magistrate or Divisional Commissioners communicates the reason for the detention in writing, within 5 days. In exceptional circumstances, the DM can take 10 days to communicate these grounds. Article 22(a) of the Constitution states that no person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

Answer: (B)

Explanation: TB remained the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in 2022. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
This reduced India’s contribution towards global mortality from 36 per cent in the previous years to 26 percent in 2022. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
There was an increase in reporting of TB cases, crossing even the pre-pandemic high with 24.2 lakh cases in 2022. Hence, statement 3 is correct. India accounts for 27 percent of the total TB cases globally, according to the recently released Global TB Report 2023 by the World Health Organisation. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
India, Indonesia, and the Philippines, which accounted for a large share (60%) of global reductions in the number of people newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2020 and 2021, all recovered to levels higher than in 2019.